<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hagelueken, Ch.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meskers, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology challenges to recover precious and special metals from complex products</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R'09 World Congress</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electronics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photovoltaics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Precious metals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recycling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Special Metals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14/09/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ewaste.ch/files/Hageluecken_2009_R09.pdf</style></url><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ewaste.ch/files/Hagelueken_2009_R09_slides.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davos, Switzerland</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In our R’07 contribution &quot;The challenge of open cycles&quot; we elaborated on the general
constraints in achieving a true recycling society using the example of consumer electronics
and cars [Hagelüken 2007]. We showed that the lifecycle structure has a major impact. This
contribution now focuses on economic and technology challenges to recycle precious and
special metals. These &quot;technology metals&quot; are crucial ingredients for many high tech and
clean tech products and their use in such applications has increased significantly over the
last years. However, their absolute mass in a single product is usually very low and they are
mostly embedded in complex assemblies and connections with other elements, which
complicates recycling. Two main groups of products need to be distinguished. Firstly,
products in which technology metals are combined with precious metals, so often inherent
economic recycling incentives exist, which can lead to additional recovery of special metals
as by-products if appropriate processes are used (e.g. mobile phones). More challenging are
products where such “paying metals” are missing and the special metals content does not
offer sufficient economic attraction (e.g. thin film photovoltaics). To address both product
groups metallurgical recovery processes need to be further developed while measures need
to be taken to ensure that end-of-life products enter the most advanced recycling channels.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>